This is your other assignment for over the holiday:
Choose one of Ataturk's reforms and comment on it in an essay of at least 350 words. Please use a dictionary to look up any words regarding this topic that you do not know so you can express your opinion clearly and accurately.
As discussed in class, your assignment should be typed, double spaced, and in the upper left hand corner of the page:
Your name Number
Class
Date
Have a happy holiday
Nazlı Ören 189/11E
ReplyDelete10/28/2011
Atatürk’s reforms were designed to build the new Republic of Turkey into a democratic state. They were build under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk the founder of our country. Those reforms were necessary and needed a new constitution to embrace the new regime. Secularism was one of them and I think its the most important one to build a new country from ashes.
There were difficulties between creating a new country and making people admit that Ottoman Empire has collapsed. Atatürk’s reform minded team had trouble with uneducated common people during the process. This process meant to end the religious communities because each religious community had a leader and those leaders were collecting their own taxes and living in their way with their own rules. In the new government Atatürk was building this was unacceptable. Religious communities failed to adjust the new rules but Atatürk was not an anti-islamic leader. He supported it and to show his support he established the Directorate for Religious Affairs. Also he gave the right to all Turkish citizens to freely worship their beliefs. Atatürk gave right to the citizens but the government itself was influenced by religion. Mustafa Kemal couldn’t allow something like that and he was concerned. He decided to separate religion and government to be more effective. The changes were effective and well advised. Secularism was not limited in government also in education religious ways were left behind to modernize education too in March 3, 1924. On the same day Islamic laws and courts gave away itself to Swiss Civil Code.
To sum up, secularism was not used in one area it effected several areas and it is still affective. Atatürk was a far-sighted man and he knew this changes would make his country better. I think he also knew his reforms would stand still for a very long time. Secularism is a very important reform and without iı nothing would be the same.
His Step, Our Hands
ReplyDelete‘’Human kind is made up of two sexes, women and men. Is it possible that a mass is improved by the improvement of only one part and the other part is ignored? Is it possible that if half of a mass is tied to earth with chains and the other half can soar into skies?” One of the things that impresses me about Atatürk was that he made revolutions for everyone, not only men, not only government, but also for women whom at the time weren’t taken seriously to educate, hire or even talk to and alongside with all the underestimation they didn’t have the right to chose the people who will take part in the municipality and the government. This means deep inside that people either didn’t think us capable of evaluation therefore of the ability to choose or that we were ignored as a citizen of our own country.
Atatürk at such times , as a foreseeing, emancipationist man, realized the fallacy and the possible results of seperating the citizens of a nation through their sexes and decided that discrimination between men and women didn’t fit in a nation which counts all who say’’ I’m Turk’’ an equal citizen of the country. Legal equality between men and women was maintained between 1926–1934 with a multitude of new rules and regulations and changes in the existing ones . Women gained many rights for the first time, including the rights to vote.
The right to vote is the natural right of any human being who is a citizen of a country, because according to the principals of democracy, sovereignty belongs to citizens and it belongs not only to one part as men but to the whole community of citizens. Women have a long past of suffering and despise and it will surely take some time for both women and men to get used to this new regulation of equality. There are still missing parts in the system where women don’t have equal rights as men. It is known that women can’t go further than a third clerk in the way through being diplomats and we are mostly ignored when we want to participate in the municipality. The rights of vote and election may be given, but its in our hands to succesfully use it.Women’s newly gained right of election also isn’t one of the rights succesfully used. Even though we had our first female president Tansu Çiller a few years , it doesn’t seem like we’ll have another one soon enough.
All in all, Turkish Republic still has a long way on the road to democracy and equal rights. Atatürk took the main steps, however it’s our responsibility to make good use of it and to take it further in order for our country to reach and pass the level of modern civilizations. Although the recent happenings are not at all positive , I believe in our country and i hope that all other Turkish citizens do too , at least for the sake of our future.
“ Win for us the battle of education and you will do yet more for your country than we have been able to do. It is to you that I appeal.” That’s what Atatürk said to the women of our nation. In my opinion, he meant a great deal for our country, especially for our women. He did everything he could to make our women’s life easier and equal to men. Legal equality between man and women was established between 1926–1934.
ReplyDeleteWith the reforms of Atatürk, Turkish women, who for centuries had been neglected, were given new rights. I firmly believe that women would be still sitting at home, wearing veils and underestimated by men if we never had Atatürk. In 1934 women were given the right to hold office, vote and to be elected to parliament. Owing to him women became more equal to men. Also they were give the right to devorse and sharing the property with their husband. In 1926 women were encouraged to wear modern women's clothing instead of wearing veils.
According to my point of view, Atatürk changed the history of Turkey. He wasn’t just a president; he was a caring and revolutionary president. In Atatürk’s shoes everybody was equal and should have equal rights. He taught women how to read himself. My opinion is that the social change can come by educating capable mothers who are knowledgeable about life; giving freedom to women.
In conclusion, Atatürk believed women are as human as man and therefore they deserve equal rights and conditions. He fought for his belief untill the end and he gained success; women became equal to men legally. Eventhough we have long way to go as a country, Atatürk took the biggest step. The principle and equal rights for women changed the spirit of Turkish society.
Atatürk’s Reform : Woman Rights
ReplyDeleteDid you know that today’s modern and legal Turkey was a theocratic empire inspired and sustained by Islam and Islamic institutions before Atatürk’s reforms ? Atatürk is the founder of the Republic of Turkey and the reforms he made were a series of cultural, social and economic changes that were designed to create a democratic and secure nation. With strong beliefe in democrasy and the vital importance of women in society, Atatürk put many reforms into action to give Turkish women equal rights. This reform has many effects in today’s Turkey for several reasons.
One important effect is seen in political areas. Before this reform, woman wasn’t allowed to speak up their ideas abuot the government and regime but Atatürk gave women the same opportunuties as man including even full political rights. Due to that fact, Turkish woman began to take action in the Turkish parliament. For instance , in 1930 ,18 women were elected to the national parliament, as a result they became able to participate in the state managment for the first time.
Secondly, the adaptation of European laws became easier and faster. For example, Atatürk restricted poligamy and gave women the right to divorce. In the Ottoman Empire, polygamy wasn’t banned and the cicumstances weren’t suitable for an agreement of the equality of both genders. Nevertheless in 1926, it was forbidden to marry more than one person and women became able to divorce. As a result, Turkish women weren’t forced to tolerate the hurtful behaviour and actions of their husbands.
Last but not least, more woman became educated and started working in different economic areas. Turkish women, who for centuries had been second class citizens had the right to go to school as well as men. Even if they could not achieve to go to university, they at least learned literacy. As a result the percentage of people that know reading and writing increased extremely and more woman became educated. Many of them started working. For instance a Turkish woman had become the world's first women supreme court justice.
All in all, the rights given to woman with the help of Atatürk’s reforms has many effects. Woman became educated and started working, they became able to get divorced and to be elected to the national paliament. The democratic development of Turkey is promoted by strategies making women more active in sociaty and state managment. In think that the impotance of this reform who gives woman many rights is very vital for the existance of a modernized and secure Turkish nation.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the founder and the first president of the Republic of Turkey. Beside this, he was such an hero for all people around the world. Because he was prestigious with his character ;his smartness,decisiveness and his passion of Turkey and Turkish people was the redemptive for us. Also he had good perspective of the future and that was the beginning of his revolutions. He would like to have a country which is forcible and independent, so he has to make some changes on convention and life style of Turkish people.
ReplyDeleteHe reorgised many things such a huge improver for Turkey. İn my opinion the most decent was Language Reform. Today’s world th most effective way to do justice tocountry is to rectify a method and develop language skills. So on November 1, 1928, the new Turkish alphabet was introduced by the language commission at the initiative of Atatürk, replacing the previously used Perso- Arabic script. The goal was to produce a language that was more Turkish and less Arabic, Persian, and Islamic; one that was more modern, practical, and precise, and less difficult to learn The adoption of the Latin alphabet and the purging of foreign loanwords was part of Mustafa Kemal's program of modernization. By replacing the Arabic with the Latin alphabet, Turkey turned consciously toward the West and effectively severed a major link with a part of its Islamic heritage.
Adaptation of technical vocabulary was another step of modernization, which was tried thoroughly. Non-technical Turkish was natived and simplified on the ground that the language of Turkish people should be comprehensible by the people. A good example is the Turkish word "Bilgisayar" (bilgi = "information", sayar = "counter"), which was adapted for the word "Computer".
Lastly, language reform was the milestone for coeval and modernized Turkey. And today it is continuous current for all. If İ am able to write this essay, and if i can represent myself in other countries, it means a lot! This is a very considerable gift from Atatürk and our duty is to protect and carry over our language to other generations.
A Big Change-"Alphabet"
ReplyDeleteAtatürk’s reforms were designed to modernize and Westernize the new Republic of Turkey. The reformmovement began with the modernization of the constitution and it continued withother new and neccessary reforms. Language reform was one of them which wasmade to remove the Arabic script.
In 1928, the new Turkish alphabetwas introduced by the Language Commission. It was Mustafa Kemal’s idea to usethe Latin alphabet as a progress of modernization. The Ottoman Arabic scriptwas an abjad,which is a type of writing system in which each symbol always or usuallystands for a consonant. The Arabic script was seen as a part ofIslamic culture so the abandonment of this script would mean secularizing theTurkish national identity. That’s why it was so important to Mustafa Kemal. Forexample, one of the member in the commission said that the usage of the newalphabet may take 5 to 15 years, but Mustafa Kemal told “This will happen ineither three months, or not at all.” Arabic script was making a differencebetween public and elevated people because there were lots of illiterate anduneducated people. There were many hard and incomprehensible words. M. Kemalwanted to make it easier for all of the nation. Atatürk introduced the newalphabet to faculty members and public in different provinces. By doing this, hegot ideas from all of the people and they discussed and shared differentopinions about this new alphabet reform.
To sum up, the greatestleader of the World, Atatürk, made great innovations about Turkish language andspread it out all over the country in a very short term which seemed eutopic forpeople who were against him and his ideas. He succeeded eventually. It’s been 83 years since this revolution took place. However, those weretough days for all of the nation to completely change the language in bothwriting and speaking. That's why language reform was one of the biggest change in Turkish Republic.
Elif Ozge
ReplyDelete11-E 654
Turkish Women
‘We shall raise our society to the level of contemporary civilization.’ Once mentioned the founder of Turkish Republic M. Kemal Ataturk. Atatürk was a military genius, a hardworking leader, and also passionate reformer. Mustafa Kemal modernized the education system, working conditions as well as governing mechanisms. Atatürk introduced reforms, which he considered of vital importance for the future developing world.
Fully aware of the fact that Ataturk has successfully accompanied highly important issues through his life. Although all of his reforms have an essential role in Turkish history, one of the most important innovation is the liberation of the women of Turkey by giving them political and social rights. In fact founder of modern Turkey, made this reform before almost other European countries have such as UK, Germany etc.
In 1934 Turkish women, who for centuries had been neglected, were given new rights. Thus with the civil code passed, Turkish women would now have the same rights as men, could be take part in high positioned jobs such as education, medicine and law. Moreover with the reforms of Atatürk, they would have the right to vote and to be elected to Parliament. Apart from improvement in basic human rights women can heard their voices in the society while laws are being publishing.
In all walks of life, Atatürk's Turkey has produced tens of thousands of well-educated women who participate in national life as doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, writers, administrators, executives, and creative artists. To proof that Sabiha Gokcen was one of the most popular female pilots in the world. When she was in her early ages Atatürk asked her whether she would also want to become a skydiver, she nodded "yes indeed, I am ready right now". Gökçen was sent to Russia, together with seven male students, for an advanced course in glider and powered aircraft piloting. throughout her career in the Turkish Air Force, Gokcen flew 22 different types of aircraft for more than 8000 hours, 32 hours of which were active combat and bombardment missions.
‘’In Turkish society, women have not lagged behind men in science, scholarship, and culture. Perhaps they have even gone further ahead." Ataturk announced in his speech. He gave women the same opportunities as men, including full political rights. In the mid-1930s, 18 women, among them a villager, were elected to the national parliament. Later, Turkey had the world's first women Supreme Court justice.
“Armies, your first goal is the Mediterranean, Forward!” is one of the most popular quotation belongs to Ataturk. Whatever topic you choose about Turkey, it can be nationalism and reforms, you have to introduce Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. He is one of the most important leaders at World. He has created new country whose name is Turkey.
ReplyDeleteAtaturk was the founder of modern Republic of Turkey. He believed in his aim, which was to establish a new modern country. At the beginning of his battle, nobody supported so took him seriously, because they thought what he was trying to achieve impossible. But he did not give up and followed the principles; he believed in order to achieve his goal. He had many differences and specialties from other people. We always say a new hero like Ataturk won’t come again. He was very successful student and he was very respectful to people who was older than himself especially. He was very genius and had good communication skills. He solved problems so they should have listened to people carefully to define and solve problems correctly. He was loyal and patient leader; he knew the right time and behaved very calmly until correct time. He was very good nationalist patriot. He did not fear anything about beneficial for his nationality. He could see the future very detailed and he determined something easily. He was very charismatic too. Moreover, he always stand between his ideas and beliefs since young ages, for instance, his parents wanted to give him another school but he chose military school without parent’s permission. He became military genius and hero for people. All of the Turkey’s battles leads Ataturk were huge triumphs. Especially Battle of Gallipoli and Turkish War of Independence are proof that he was a military genius. On the other hand, he hadn’t got any reinforcement that wars are necessary. He has very different view so he always defends the idea of Peace. One of his quotation prove that “Peace at home, peace in the world.” His reforms opened new, different and modern road to our country. He made lots of reforms but education reforms were the most critical one. He was aware of the country’s education level determine the development condition that’s why he made big changes.
He thought that education was the only thing for enlightening the people, and it leads to an improvement in their quality of life. Firstly, he activated secularism in the Education system then he opened new schools depend Ministry of National Education. Moreover, his goal was to produce a language more Turkish, modern, practical, and precise, and less difficult to learn than the old language and he changed the country’s main alphabet and language. Also, he changed the role of girls in education. He adjusted the equality of between women and men in education system. He put obligations for everyone that they must finish primary education in the country. He regulated the university education too.
All in all, he improved the education system and fine arts. He knows that education and education system like rules of thumb for every nationality. He defined the meaning of education in country and the importance of teachers for some sentences. “Teachers: the new generation will be your devotion.” and “Teachers are the one and only people who save nation” He was not provided with any of the opportunities that many people have today. Nevertheless, he decided to create them by himself. We have to work on improve these reforms especially for related with education. This is the biggest legacy that he left.
Gizem Öztürk
ReplyDelete11-B 6
11/11/2011
WOMEN RIGHTS
"Male and female citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, must be equally admitted to all honors, positions, and public employment according to their capacity and without other distinctions besides those of their virtues and talents." said Olympe de Gouges.The traditional view of women in society was to stay at home, clean, raise children , and to help with the family.This view started to change around the late 19th century.Male domination kept women at home in the early 19th century;but after Atatürk's reforms it started to change.His reforms have lots of vital effects for women.
First of all,women gained many rights for the first time, including the rights to vote.The spirit which animates parliament pervades the whole of our social life and women suffer from lack of educational facilities, and from obstacles to success in industrial and professional life, in ways which have no parallel in the case of men.They began to have more rights in Turkish Parliament.They started to share their ideas and vote.For example,Turkey had the world's first women supreme court justice.
Secondly,because of these reforms,it was abolished to polygamy and recognized the equal rights of women in divorce.Turkey became to has thousands of well-educated women who became to take part of in national life as lamyers,writers,doctors,teachers,administrators...etc so we understand that he gave women the same opportunities as men.Because he thinks that women have not lagged behind men in science, scholarship,and culture.Perhaps for him,women have even gone further ahead.
All in all,Atatürk's reforms were about the political,legal,cultural,social and economic reforms that were designed to modernize the new Republic of Turkey.Social reforms consist women rights and there are lots of effects for women.Women became to benefit from rights,became educated,they became to have rights to vote and divorce,they appeared in many different and important jobs.Ataturk's reforms about women rights help women to state in Turkish society more.
“Victory is for those who can say 'Victory is mine'. Success is for those who can begin saying 'I will succeed' and say 'I have succeeded' in the end.” This is one of the most famous quotes of Atatürk, and all through his life he followed the steps of his wonderful saying and gained huge successes. He is one of the greatest leaders of all time, and his victories were not done for his own benefits, Atatürk sacrificed lots of things for Turkish Nation. Although the biggest victory is the War Of Independence, his revolutions and reforms which followed this war are very important for all of us, too. If he hadn't be there for us, we wouldn't live in a very peaceful nation.
ReplyDeleteI think the most important revolution was the establishment of the republic. It was also the hardest one. In order to change the regime, Atatürk dissolved the two main offices that had a powerful effect, which were the Ottoman Dynasty and the Caliphate. After that, the Sultan and his family were sent out of the country. Those outworn institutions were replaced by the Turkish Republic that was announced on October 29, 1923 by the Turkish Grand National Assembly. It was only the beginning, after that day Atatürk continued on making radical reforms but t was the stepping stone of them all.
Atatürk and the ones who believed in him had to be strong, determined and faithful; fortunately they were. They brought up the Turkish Nation who was struggling because of the war's effects to their feet, gave them the opportunity to be free without their knowledge. Although Atatürk had a lot of enemies he never gave up because he believed that the most democratic regime is republic and his beloved nation deserves it, deserves the best.
All in all, we have to be thankful to Atatürk for all the things he did for us. Our republic is still standing because of the people who is trying to follow his steps, and will continue standing as long as we take Atatürk as a role model for ourselves. He was a brave, far-sighted, smart man who loved his nation and did his best. As General Douglas Macarthur said, “He was a soldier-statesman, one of the greatest leaders of our era. He ensured that Turkey got its rightful place among the most advanced nations of the world. He has given to Turks the sense of self-confidence and endurance to the Turks, that forms the foundation stone of a nation's greatness.”
Language Reform
ReplyDeleteMustafa Kemal ATATURK(1881-1938) was the founder of the Turkish Republic and the first president of it and he was also the commander of the Turkish Army in the Independence War.Even though we fought against tough opponents like England, France, Italy , Armenia we won the Independence War and he built the Turkish Republic .His works didn’t finish when he won the war, he made a lot of reforms to rise affluence of Turkish people.One of the biggest reforms that Ataturk made was The Language Reform.It was one of the main reforms which will stop the colonies to poke their nose into our countries administration.
On November 1, 1928 the new Turkish Alphabet was introduced by the Language Commision by the advice of Ataturk. Ataturk strongly believed that the new Turkish Alphabet was a big way to make the country independent. Ataturk knew that the Latin Alpahabet was the most suitable alphabet for Turkish people and he decided to reform it because The Latin Alphabet has some complicated letters which are very hard for Turkish people to pronounce like x, q, w.He excluded these letters in return he added some letters which we frequently use their sounds. In those years everyone knew that this would be realized soon but they were thinking of a time like 2 or 3 years but Ataturk made the impossible happen again.He didn’t care what the others say, he made his mind up and did what he wanted to do and what was the best fort he country and he made The Language Reform.He introduced it all over the country and teached them by giving lessons in the classes.
To sum up, Mustafa Kemal ATATURK who was the greatest leader and also the biggest commander that world has ever seen showed his teaching skills and once again the world bowed their heads in front of his reforms and his vital decisions. Ataturk was also named as ‘The Head Teacher’ by the Turkish people because of this reform.He passed away in 1938, 73 years passed since then but his thoughts and his works are alive as in the first days and they are a torch for us.It’s him that made me able to write and speak like this today and we have to be greatfull to him and we owe him a big thanks for his Language Reform.
Pelin Yılmaz 64 11-B
ReplyDeleteWOMEN RİGHTS
The man who put our country to higher democratical standards, is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He has worked hard for humanity and equality in public. He was such a brave person that he made lots of reforms which even others could not dare to do. He was the founder of Turkish Public and all his works were to build a more modern country which would make us be able to live this much democratic today. One of the reform which impressed me most is women rights. 83
To start with, the discrimination between men and women is a worldwild issue and it has been there for hundreds years. Atatürk was such a far- sighted man that he could see the future and was able to decide what he could do to stop ignoring women in society. In 1926, islamic law which is also called sharia was endured which means the code of conduct enjoined upon Muslims in the Quran was canceled. For example, women were countenance to wear modern clothes instead of wearing black chador or veils. In 1930, women has a chance to join municipal elections. In 1932, the right which was given two years ago, was enlarged. So women had right to be a village headman or be a member of elder committee. Eventually, in 1934 women and men became equal by giving them right to vote. (140)
My point of view about the women rights is that, it was the most important reform which Atatürk had done. Atatürk believed in women as he believed in men because both of them were the members of his new public and they were the ones which would develop the country by joining hands. I think,the belief and the combination helped our counrty to modernization as the West. (68)
To sum up, Atatürk said: ' Reason for the failure of our social community, is due to disinterest towards our women have shown. To live is to act. Therefore, a social community, found to operate in an organ, an organ of the other is not work out, it paralyzed the social community. ' and 'Everything we see in the world is the creative work of women.' those are clear enough to see the importance of women in Atatürk's perspective. As a leader of Turkish Public, he was aware of the woth of women and as a member of this public we have to be greatfull to him.